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Structural Equation Modeling

Moderation Analysis in AMOS

Interaction effects are the joint effects of two predictor variables in addition to the individual main effects. This step-by-step procedure of testing for interaction (or moderation) makes use of the imputed factor scores which is the recommended process as it is easier to perform. This will walk you through (A) Standardizing and computing variables, (B) Setting up the path interaction, (C) Refining the model, and (D) Plotting and interpreting the path interaction. A. Standardizing and Computing Variables Dataset to use: Imputed dataset (_C) In the imputed SPSS dataset, got to Analyze — Descriptive statistics — Descriptives. Throw in the imputed variables -- check Save standardized values -- click OK. Ignore the output -- go to SPSS variable view if new variables were created. To compute variables, go to Transform -- Compute variable. Fill in the target variable box interacting variables. Example: Know_x_Attitude. The moderating variable here is Know interacting Attitude. Mul...

Multi-group Analysis in AMOS

Multi-group analysis in structural equation modeling (SEM) is another form of moderation analysis but using categorical variables or grouping variables (e.g. Male and Female). This process is straightforward in AMOS as the grouping variable is already specified in the dataset. In cases where available data are continuous (e.g. Age) or ordinal (e.g. Likert scale responses), conducting Multi-group analysis is also possible. However, you need to convert first these variables into categorical ones, for them to be used in AMOS. This is done in SPSS. You may refer to these posts on how to convert continuous and ordinal variables into categorical. Estimating multi-group effects can be done using the (A) indirect (using the Chi-square difference test) or (B) direct method (through user-defined estimand). In the direct method, you need to install first the estimand for a smooth process. Let us see how it's done below. File to use: Causal Model Imputed Datase...

How to Convert Continuous Variables into Categorical in SPSS

Testing the causal model in AMOS may involve having moderator variables that are categorical. This can be done through Multi-group analysis. In cases where available data are continuous (e.g. age, years of experience, etc.), conducting Multi-group analysis is also possible. However, you need to convert first these variables into categorical ones, for them to be used in AMOS. For this example: Age is our continuous variable. We will code high and low values of age. The steps would involve A) Computing for the mean score, and B) Recoding into a different variable. The following sections show the step-by-step process. A. Compute for the Mean Score Go to 'Analyze' -- Descriptive Statistics -- Frequencies. A window will appear. Throw in the continuous variable. Check 'Display frequency tables. Click 'Statistics'. In the 'Central Tendency' section, check for the mean score. Note: It actually depends on how will you categorize this variable. For this example, w...